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Robert Sapolsky on Free Will: Science & Society

In this interview, I speak to Robert Sapolsky about the foundational relationship between the idea of free will and human civilisation. We discuss how science demonstrates that free will is nothing more…

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Highly creative individuals tend to habituate more slowly. This slower habituation means that information stays in their minds longer, which can be distracting but also beneficial. The extended presence of information allows different bits of knowledge to collide and interact, leading to new ideas.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making

There are things in our lives that aren't ideal, but because we've habituated to them, we're not as motivated to change them. This also applies to societal issues like racism or sexism—because they've been present for so long, we might not notice them as much and therefore feel less motivated to address them.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making

Research has shown that learning brings more joy than material rewards. In a study where participants were given money for doing well on a task, they felt happiest not when they received the money, but when they learned something new about the task.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making

Habituation is a very basic mechanism. It's something we find in every neuron and every system of our brain, including our fundamental abilities like perception. Essentially, we stop responding to and perceiving things that are not changing or are changing very gradually.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making

Research shows that individuals who are slower to habituate to negative events tend to be more prone to depression. This ability to habituate is crucial for moving forward.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making

There are situations that we could potentially change. However, due to habituation, we might not notice them as much. This also applies to societal issues like racism or sexism—because they've been present for so long, we might not notice them as much and therefore feel less motivated to address them.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making

Taking breaks can help us re-engage with the things we've grown accustomed to. Many people experience this when they go away for a business trip and return home, suddenly appreciating their family, home, and even the view from their window more than before.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making

We also habituate to the positive things in our lives. Most of us have good things—whether it's an interesting job, a loving relationship, or a comfortable home. However, because these things have been present for a long time, they may not bring us as much daily joy as they once did.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making

Research shows that individuals who are slower to habituate to negative events tend to be more prone to depression. This ability to habituate is crucial for moving forward.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making

Habituation is a very basic mechanism. It's something we find in every neuron and every system of our brain, including our fundamental abilities like perception. Essentially, we stop responding to and perceiving things that are not changing or are changing very gradually.

— Tali Sharot

Neuroscientist known for research on optimism bias and decision-making