Wisdom in fragments

Many people say that if you're the brightest person in the room, you're in the wrong room – that's totally right. You need to bring in people with much more expertise than you to take the business forward. I started out making shoes by hand – I'm a shoemaker, not an intellectual.

As a founder, you're not God. You're a mere piece of the puzzle. To have a company grow, it has to have a lot of people and those people need to feel ownership. You need a winning culture to keep people driving forward. It's not just about loving each other's company, it's about winning together.

I went to collect my prize… it was an American dictionary! Well…when we were looking for a name, I picked up this dictionary and started to flick through. I remember the letter 'R' felt like a good, strong letter and I was flicking through I got to the word R-E-E-B-O-K – a small African gazelle! Well, that felt like us!

Jeff and I tried our best but all our father could say is, 'when I'm gone, the business is yours…' – number 1, we didn't want our Dad to go.. and number 2, it was clear the business would be gone before he was. The business was dying.

I'd never even heard the word 'entrepreneur' growing up – I didn't know what that meant. If I go back to my grandfather – he was the real entrepreneur. He developed things… he made spiked running shoes when he was only 15 (in 1895!). My grandfather died in 1933, I was born in 1935 and my grandmother insisted I brought his name with me – so I became the next Joe Foster.

Wherever there's judgement there's noise, and more than you think. In the criminal justice system, we saw variability between judges in the severity of their sentencing for equivalent crimes. In business, you may have a company where someone in hiring says, 'bring everyone in, I think they're great' and you end up with a company full of people who shouldn't be there.

Legal scholar & behavioral economist; Obama administration official; "Nudge" theory pioneer

We have a lot of phobias around algorithms. Sometimes this is justified, but in the main, it's like being afraid of cockroaches or spiders. Algorithms aren't spiders or cockroaches, they're an instrument and sometimes will outperform human judgement terrifically well – and sometimes won't. If lives are on the line and it turns out an algorithm reduces the noise of the human decision maker and the bias, then the moral case for using the algorithm starts to look really strong.

Legal scholar & behavioral economist; Obama administration official; "Nudge" theory pioneer

You can think of the human mind as a measuring instrument. We're making judgements all the time and studies show that on a day-to-day basis, when presented with the same evidence, our judgements may be different. If you see the mind as a measuring instrument, you start to see it as a scale, a bafflingly variable and noisy scale.

Legal scholar & behavioral economist; Obama administration official; "Nudge" theory pioneer

Each person is trapped in their own world and assume that the rest of humanity sees the world the same way that they do. That assumption is incorrect. You see the world differently to me, and that's true for every situation in which we find ourselves. It's a side-effect of how we're built!

Nobel Prize Winner in Economics for Behavioral Economics Research

The easiest way to understand noise is by thinking about measurements. Suppose you are measuring a line with a very fine ruler. You will expect some variability such that you will not get the same number every time when you measure. That variability is noise. In the mathematics of accuracy, the expression for total error is very simple and quite compelling. It is bias-squared plus noise-squared. Bias and noise are both contributing to error and in that equation, they do so on the same basis.

Nobel Prize Winner in Economics for Behavioral Economics Research

Even if we could live to 1000 years, life would still be too short for many of us. I'm 51, that went in a blink of an eye. I don't think finding purpose in our lives will be an issue.... Longer life gives us a more purposeful life.

Longevity researcher & Harvard Medical School professor studying aging and lifespan extension

I used to be skeptical about whether I could live an additional 5 years. Now, I'm convinced that I could live 20 years beyond what I would have done. Drugs on our near horizon will give us easily another 20 years, and the drugs not far behind that, another 100. I've never been more excited about the prospect of human health than I am right now.

Longevity researcher & Harvard Medical School professor studying aging and lifespan extension

We are literally right now living through one of the biggest revolutions in human history, certainly in medicine, and most people aren't even aware that it's about to happen. Economically, the world is going to be much richer if people live longer. That means more money to spend on urgent challenges such as climate change.

Longevity researcher & Harvard Medical School professor studying aging and lifespan extension

Ageing is not separate from Alzheimer's or heart disease. The leading causes of those diseases is the ageing process, which we can now control. Based on what we're doing in the lab, we know that if you turn the clock back, those diseases go away- that's a revolution. We've been working on a band aid system trying to fix the diseases that are already there, while ignoring the main cause.

Longevity researcher & Harvard Medical School professor studying aging and lifespan extension

In my lab, we can control ageing easily. We have mice where we can dial up the ageing process or reverse it. It's not that hard when you know how. Until recently, we didn't know there was a backup copy of the information which has been corrupted, and now we can reset it using an embryonic gene trick. Ultimately, I think we'll be able to pop a pill and reset our body's age.

Longevity researcher & Harvard Medical School professor studying aging and lifespan extension

Ageing is malleable, we can control it. 20% of our health in old-age is due to genetic factors, and the rest is due to our lifestyle. We can measure this clock. It's literally measuring chemicals in our own DNA. Here's the good news…. That number can be changed. If you smoke, if you don't exercise, if you eat lots of fatty foods, that number will accelerate and if you do the right things, perhaps even take some medicines, you can slow that number down – even reverse it.

Longevity researcher & Harvard Medical School professor studying aging and lifespan extension